A Reason to Hope in There Are No Children Here :: There are No Children Here Essays

There Are No Children Here - A primer coat to Hope The West side of Chicago, Harlem, Watts, Roxbury, and Detroit. What do each of these areas have in common? These areas, along with many others have become mine handle for the explosive disregards of race, values, and community responsibility, led by the plight of the urban underclass. Issues such as violent crime, social separation, upbeat dependence, do drugs wars, and unemployment all play a major role in the plight of American inner-city life. Alex Kotlowitzs book There Are No Children Here, confronts Americas devastated urban life a most painful issue in America. Kotlowitz traces the lives of two black boys 10 socio-economic class overage LaFayette, and 7 year old Pharoah, as they struggle to beat the odds growing up in one of Chicagos worst housing projects. Their family includes a welfare dependent mother, an alcholic-drug using father, an older sister, an older brother, and younger triplets. Kotlowoitz describes th e horrors of an ill-maintained housing project completely taken over by gangs, where murders and shootings are an everyday thing. Kotlowitz does a fair job at portraying ghetto life those who are outside the American dream. He succeeds at putting a face on th multitude trapped inside the housing projects with virtually no hope of escape. One can sincerely feel a sense of bang-up loss for the family, and a great deal of hope for the two young boys. You can truly feel yourself hoping that things leave behind work out for them, and you can really feel give care you know these young men on a personal basis. Kotlowotz spent a great deal of time with the boys so he could portray the universe of discourse from the eyes of a child growing up in the ghetto, and he does an amazing job. every(prenominal) through their lives Pharoah and LaFayette are surrounded by violence and poverty. Their contiguity had no banks, no public libraries no movie theatres, no skating rinks or wheel a llies. Drug abuse was so rampant that the drug lords literally kept shop in an abondoned building in the progjects, and shooting was everywhere. Also, there were no drug rehabilitation programs or centers to help combat the problem. Police feared loss into the ghetto out of a fear for their own safety. The book follows Pharoah and LaFayette over a two year period in which they struggle with school, attempt to resist the charm of gangs, mourn the death of close friends, and still find the courage to search for a shut up inner peace, that most people take for granted. A Reason to Hope in There Are No Children Here There are No Children Here Essays There Are No Children Here - A Reason to Hope The West side of Chicago, Harlem, Watts, Roxbury, and Detroit. What do all of these areas have in common? These areas, along with many others have become mine fields for the explosive issues of race, values, and community responsibility, led by the plight of the urban underclass. Issues such as violent crime, social separation, welfare dependence, drug wars, and unemployment all play a major role in the plight of American inner-city life. Alex Kotlowitzs book There Are No Children Here, confronts Americas devastated urban life a most painful issue in America. Kotlowitz traces the lives of two black boys 10 year old LaFayette, and 7 year old Pharoah, as they struggle to beat the odds growing up in one of Chicagos worst housing projects. Their family includes a welfare dependent mother, an alcholic-drug using father, an older sister, an older brother, and younger triplets. Kotlowoitz describes the horrors of an ill-maintained housing project completely taken over by gangs, where murders and shootings are an everyday thing. Kotlowitz does a fine job at portraying ghetto life those who are outside the American dream. He succeeds at putting a face on th people trapped inside the housing projects with virtually no hope of escape. One can truly feel a sense of great loss for the family, and a great deal of hope for the two young boys. You can truly feel yourself hoping that things will work out for them, and you can really feel like you know these young men on a personal basis. Kotlowotz spent a great deal of time with the boys so he could portray the world from the eyes of a child growing up in the ghetto, and he does an amazing job. All through their lives Pharoah and LaFayette are surrounded by violence and poverty. Their neighborhood had no banks, no public libraries no movie theatres, no skating rinks or bowling allies. Drug abuse was so rampant that the drug lords literally kept shop in an abondoned building in the progjects, and shooting was everywhere. Also, there were no drug rehabilitation programs or centers to help combat the problem. Police feared going into the ghetto out of a fear for their own safety. The book follows Pharoah and LaFayette over a two year period in which they struggle with school, attempt to resist the lure of gang s, mourn the death of close friends, and still find the courage to search for a quiet inner peace, that most people take for granted.

The Success of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) :: Business Economics

The Success of the north Ameri lav Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) On January 1, of 1994 a new approach to trade amongst North American countries took effect. With the aid of the linked States Congress, President Bill Clinton was able to form a contract between The North American Countries of Canada, Mexico, and The United States of America. This contract, k nowadaysn as the North American Free Trade Agreement (or Nafta for short) was designed with many economic results in mind. Hopes were that not bargonly would trade be easier, cheaper, and more abundant for entirely countries evolved, but economic wealth and growth would follow. Support for Nafta was split among most citizens of this country. One side perceive the proposal as having the potential for great economic success in each country involved. The other announcing that this plan would prove to be terribly pestilential to United States employment. Nearly six years after coming into effect the question still remains Is N afta in the best interest of the United States? And what can we expect of it in the future? Since the implication of free trade between the three countries of North America back in 1994 the effects of that agreement are just now becoming apparent, both short term and long term. There was little doubt as to how both Canada and most definitely Mexico would returns from Nafta. What was yet to be seen was the impact it had on previous concerns of the United States.(Contesting Globalization) Most economists and even ordinary citizens could understand Canada and Mexicos enthusiasm when free trade, destroying tariffs, was proposed. After all, the United States has long been the major consumer of exported goods in both countries. No longer having to pay taxes on goods imported into the United States meant larger sales and more profits for all Canadian and Mexican businesses. These profits were foreseen as perpetual economic boosts in their respective country. These boosts created oppo rtunities for more workers to be hired, lowering unemployment and helping to improve the quality of bread and butter of citizens in both countries. Not only did removing the tariffs make it possible for companies and manufacturers of Canada and Mexico to increase profits it also lowered to price of foreign goods. These new lower prices were now able to compete with the domestic products in the United States.

Woodstock Essay -- essays research papers

Woodstock 1969The Sixties were an exciting revolutionary period with great cultural change. Some people called it the decade of discontent (Britannica) due to the race riots in Detroit and La, and the demonstrations against the Vietnam War. Other people called it the decade of peace, love, and harmony (Woodstock 69). This decade was identified as such as a egress of the peace movement and the emergence of the flower children. (Britannica) The sixties were about assassination, unforgettable fashion, new styles of music, civil rights, gay and womens liberation, Vietnam, Neil Armstrong landing on the moon, peace marches, versed freedom, drug experimentation, and Woodstock. All of these components caused a revolutionary change in the world of popular Music and society. The most famous of the Sixties rock festivals was Woodstock music and guile fair. It was held on farm property in Bethel New York on August 15-17th 1969 (Woodstock 69). Three Days of peace and music would come to defi ne a generation. feast organizers decided on the title Woodstock because it was where folksinger Bob Dylan and many other musicians lived in New York. It was an artists retreat since the turn of the century. People came from all around, some for the music, some for atm and some just to be there. Although peace was a main theme of the concert, it was difficult to keep with a crowd of 400,000 people. Woodstock contained all six of the qualities of cultural performance, a cultural process...

Interpersonal Communication Essay -- essays research papers

Although there are several capers that whoremaster diminish the effectiveness of interpersonal communication, somewhat tactics can be used in order to minimize these failures in communication. A recent visit to a hotel sparked a perfect showcase of this communication opportunity between a patron and the hotels front desk employee.     First of all, the history of the confrontation between the patron and the hotels front desk employee was clouded with expectations and assumptions. For example, the patron make a military reserve for a room by using the hotel chains national reservation center. This center, in turn, is obligated to give the information to the individual hotels so that the hotels can then honor the reservations accordingly. Unfortunately in this example, the patrons request and approval for a king bed was non relayed from the reservation center to the hotel. As a result, the hotel employee did not have the information that the patron assumed he had received. This assumption resulted in a breakdown in communication between the hotel employee and the patron, which then created hostility on the part of the patron and defensiveness on the part of the employee. The hostility felt by the patron was partly due to past experiences with hotel employees and the disallow outcomes of those experiences (Pfeiffer 12). These past experiences created a plaza where the patron did not really listen to what the employee was saying (Pfeiffer 13). Instead, he only heard that there was a problem ("just like there was stand time"). The employees defensiveness was due to his assumption that this particular patron has the same problem that past patrons have had The patron simply made a mistake with the reservation (DeVito 9). The employee also became defensive because of his rank in the situation and the status differences between a guest of a high-end hotel and a hotel employee (Pfeiffer 14). He knew that he needed to be absolutely co rrect or else the patron would be awarded a favorable outcome ("the customer is always right"), and this defensiveness did not allow him to fully and efficaciously listen (Pfeiffer 14). On the other hand, the patrons assumption that the employee had received the information created unclear information. Had the patron clarified and qualified the correct information, the message would have been clear an... ...ployee became negative influences on each other that day (Boyle IX).     By avoiding the problems associated with miscommunication and adhering to the rules of effective communication, the patron and the employee could have avoided a very negative situation and resolved a problem in a fraction of the time. Although "absolutely clear communication" (DeVito 15) may be impossible to achieve, absolutely efficient communication should be a virtual(prenominal) goal...if for no other reason than to get to a vacation that much quickerReferencesBolto n, Robert (1979), People Skills, Simon & Schuster, New York.Boyle, Dr. William (1999), Getting Connected How To Improve whole Your Relationships,      William Boyle and Associates, Illinois.DeVito, Joseph A. (2002), The Interpersonal Communication Reader, Allyn & Bacon A      Pearson Education Company, New York.Pfeiffer, J.W. (1973), Conditions Which Hinder Effective Communication excerpt from      The 1973 Annual Handbook for Group Facilitators, Pfeiffer and Company,      California.

Anarchy: Political Ideals To A Symbol Of Unconformity :: essays research papers fc

Anarchy Political Ideals To A Symbol Of UncoformityAnarchism, then really stands for the liberation of human header from the domination of religion, The liberation of the human body from the domination of property, Liberation from the shackles and restraints of government-Emma Golman. During the late 1800s urbanization began to inflict the cities and the industrial revolution began resulting in governments gaining more(prenominal) and more power. The state is authority its force-Mikhail Bakunin. As the governments grew it was believed the state was more concerned with its growing power rather than the interests of the people. A group known as the anarchist believed that the government should be abolished and then the people would be free to live co-operatively with full social and political. Anarchy began as a political ism and soon turned in to an all out revolution resulting in assignations, bombings and kidnappings spanning over the better part of the past century. During the 1970s and 1980s, anarchy started to become more of a fashion trend if you will, rather than a political philosophy. I Wanna Be Anarchy-Sex Pistols. The Punk movement in music during the late 70s was first to wide spread expose the public to anarchy and anarchist ideals. Followers of punk and punk music usually didnt imbibe the tendency to look of the proper meaning of anarchy, but since Johnny Rotten was saying it, it was cool. Today if you take a look at the public fade you are in a public school or a shopping mall, you can see teenagers with anarchy symbols on their shirts, pants, back packs and even emaciated on their sneakers in an attempt to look what the public calls hardcore. Anarchism is the sprit of the youth against out worn traditions-Mikhail Bakunin, this would prove to be all too true in this new era of anarchism. This paper will further outline how anarchy started out as a political philosophy and turned in to a symbol of unconformity.Anarchism can be defined as a political philosophy and social movement designed to destroy the government in hopes of creating a society based on voluntary co-operation of free individuals. In 1840 Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, a peaceful anarchist, published his controversial pamphlet titled What Is Property. Proudhon clamed that violence and wickedness was not caused by individuals but instead by the government. He believed that police and laws forced humans to live in an unnatural state of oppression and equality, accord to Proudhon the ownership of property was the main root of all equality.

Anarchy: Political Ideals To A Symbol Of Unconformity :: essays research papers fc

Anarchy Political Ideals To A Symbol Of UncoformityAnarchism, then really stands for the liberation of homo mind from the domination of religion, The liberation of the human body from the domination of property, Liberation from the shackles and restraints of government-Emma Golman. During the new 1800s urbanization began to inflict the cities and the industrial revolution began resulting in governments gaining more and more power. The state is authority its force-Mikhail Bakunin. As the governments grew it was believed the state was more concerned with its growing power rather than the interests of the people. A group cognize as the anarchist believed that the government should be abolished and then the people would be free to live co-operatively with full social and policy-making. Anarchy began as a political philosophy and soon turned in to an all out revolution resulting in assignations, bombings and kidnappings spanning over the better part of the past century. During the 19 70s and 1980s, anarchy started to sire more of a fashion trend if you will, rather than a political philosophy. I Wanna Be Anarchy-Sex Pistols. The Punk movement in music during the late 70s was first to wide spread expose the habitual to anarchy and anarchist ideals. Followers of punk and punk music usually didnt have the tendency to look of the proper meaning of anarchy, but since Johnny Rotten was saying it, it was cool. Today if you take a look at the public wither you are in a public school or a shopping mall, you can see teenagers with anarchy symbols on their shirts, pants, back packs and yet drawn on their sneakers in an attempt to look what the public calls hardcore. Anarchism is the sprit of the youth against out worn traditions-Mikhail Bakunin, this would prove to be all too rightful(a) in this new era of anarchism. This paper will further outline how anarchy started out as a political philosophy and turned in to a symbol of unconformity.Anarchism can be defined as a political philosophy and social movement designed to destroy the government in hopes of creating a society based on voluntary co-operation of free individuals. In 1840 Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, a peaceful anarchist, published his controversial pamphlet titled What Is Property. Proudhon clamed that military group and crime was not caused by individuals but instead by the government. He believed that police and laws forced humans to live in an unnatural state of burdensomeness and equality, according to Proudhon the ownership of property was the main root of all equality.

A Look at Russell Baker’s “Work in Corporate America”

Russell Baker shows his apparent disdain for the modern-day American workplace in his short essay Work in incorporated America. Obviously, the man is unhappy with how the U.S. economy has progressed. He pines for the days when a child could put his fathers profession into concrete, understandable terms.And, for some backgroundwhich he does not enumeratehe is convinced that jobs which consist of utilizing cerebral skills ace developed in college are junk. Baker disparages those who do commercialise research or work in public relations, yet he never gives the reason why he despises these fields.The paper turns into nothing to a greater extent than a litany against those who perform these cerebral based jobs. It seems that he would prefer to see the American workforce slaving over a hot furnace making horseshoes or in textile factories making jeans rather than in business suits reclining in air-conditioned offices. In fact, the irony of this piece is that Baker is disgusted by a s ociety where paper is the primary means of tangible work, but he, himself, is a writer, making a living in the same exact way that he mocks others for making a living.If his own child asked him what he did for a living, Baker could show him nothing more than his own piece of paper with words and department of corrections on it.Now, Bakers point that America has moved away from specific hard and fast job descriptions and towards more ambiguous trades is 100 percent accurate. The fact that for an adult, and certainly a child, to imagine selling space or doing market is difficult to wrap your head around is definitely valid.Baker also performs an glorious job portraying the communications between those who work in corporate America. He shows that human interaction on the telephonethe so-called meeting of the mindsis what drives the modern economy.Looking at Bakers perspective and our current corporate economy, the authors work accurately portrays that system, as well. Those, who have trained their minds and developed a skill, use of numbers and the written word to perform their work. But, Baker fails to mention in this essay is that there are still laymen. But, they are fewer, and no one wishes to do backbreaking work when they can, instead, sit in an air-conditioned office and earn twice as much. Now, I would call that progress.

Crime Scene Investigators research paper Essay

Crime outlook Investigators work with police to individuals or groups of people suspected of a committing a criminal act. They do their job by collecting show up and data from the shame scene. They take these items and identify, classify, and analyze them. Sometimes environed forensic science technicians, these investigators are extremely important during trials.They evince based on their findings to help the jury declare a person innocent or guilty. Crime Scene Investigators forget usually have a degree in Criminal Justice with a background in science. Some small, rural areas may hire someone with a simple senior high school school diploma or a GED. Investigators require on the job fosterage through an apprenticeship. This puts them with seasoned veterans to learn proper methodology and procedures to follow when examining a crime scene and processing the evidence collected. If criminal investigators work in a crime lab, they have to have DNA-analysis training which could take anywhere from sextette to twelve months to complete. Crime Scene Investigators also need Firearm Analysis training, which can take up to three months to complete.The employment rate of Crime Scene Investigators is expected to grow by 19 percent through 2020. The average annual salary for Crime Scene Investigators in 2010 was $51,570. Of course, this was based on the degree, experience, and the localization principle of the area that needed a Crime Scene Investigator.How a crime scene investigation works is there will be quite a few people from various offices from various locations at the crime scene. The police are usually the first to get to the crime scene. They will sometimes bugger off an arrest on the spot if the person responsible for the crime is still at the scene of the crime or the cop might need to call an ambulance.They have a great responsibility to maintain a secure crime scene. The CSI unit will be at the crime scene host information and documenting the crime sc ene. The district attorney could also be there to see if the investigators need to get search warrants or not. If there is a finis involved in the crime, the Medical Examiner will be called in. There could also be other forensic scientists called to the crime scene if theirexpertise is needed. Detectives will be there working with the CSI unit. They will also interview witnesses and try to determine what might have taken place and what caused it.The first thing to surpass when the CSI unit arrives at the crime scene is they perform a walk through of the crime scene. They will try to find out if anything has been moved or removed from the crime scene. They will take pictures, draw sketches, and document everything at the crime scene. Next, they comb the crime scene collecting, tagging, and packaging evidence. These items will be taken to the crime lab to be examined. The results of the tests performed will be sent to the investigator in charge of the case. Joe Clayton works as a L aboratory Agent and simple scene responder for the Colorado Bureau of Investigation. He says, I may be involved in actual bench work once the evidence from the crime scene is submitted to the lab. This is because he has a background in different areas from blood splatter to questioned documents.According to an article in the Crime Scene daybook website, author Michael F. LaForte speaks of the unstable economy and the budget cuts. This affects law enforcement agencies as well. Funding is cut, people are laid off, salaries are cut, and hiring is frozen. There are still options for crime scene training. Someone could pay to have their training done through various courses offered through colleges.The other option would be to train yourself. This option would be cheaper. He gave the example of burglary and robbery investigations. He went along and learned abou the types of powders to use when finger printing from different objects. The hands-on experience was great for him. If you are already in law enforcement, there are other training sources available through the National Forensic Academy. There are also books and other training options available.

Nurse Staffing Essay

Adequate fellate staffing for affected role of c be has been a major difficulty in the health c ar system . endurings acuity continues to grow at a fast rate while hospitals continue to struggle with the adequate issuing for pee-pee in-to- enduring ratio, leaving concordmaids in a very(prenominal) difficult situation while trying to provide the best care possible to their forbearings. The low nurse-to- affected roles ratio can be remedied when everyday and private hospitals realize the negative impact on the outcome of care. This paper allow try to point out the negative effects of low nurse-to-patient ratio has on outcome of care.Like other professions that continue to face obstacles, nursing has its own obstacles that it must face from time to time. The world population increases so will the obstacles that nursing will have to face, scarcely good administration can be utilise to defend the clear conditions under which nurses are forced to work. more studies have b een done to point out the problem, with a pile of evidence to support the need to help the burden on the nurses but to no avail. A take conducted in the Chinese hospital by Zhu, You, et al. (2012).Nurse Staffing Levels Make a Difference on Patient Outcomes A Multisite Study in Chinese Hospitals proved, more nursing staff per patient had statistically significant positive effects on all necessary nursing care, nurses reports of quality of care, their confidence on patients self-care ability on discharge from hospital, patient adverse events, as well as patients report of satis itemion (Zhu, You, et al, 2012, p. 266). The learn was composed of 181 hospitals across mainland China. The sample that was use was 31provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions with level 3 hospitals.To show the strength of the study, the queryers applied statistics to prove their results. As much as the hospitals may not see the need to better on the nurse to patient problem, the evidence is thither. It is something that must be dealt with be realize it is dangerous to both nurses and patients. Further studies were alike conducted on the problem by Nantsupawat A, Srisuphan W, et al. (2011). Impact of nurse work Environment and Staffing on Hospital Nurse and Quality of care in Thailand. This study was to prove the impact of nursing staffing on the work environment, the cause of burnout and the impact on quality of care in Thailand. question elements was secondary data analysis of 2007 Thai Nurse Survey. The study took place at 13 general and regional hospitals in Thailand using a multistage sampling. Nurses were asked demographic questions about themselves both general and regional hospitals. Results shown the ratio of patient to nurse was 101. Nurses who worked in hospitals with fair patient to nurse ratio had less burnout. The study has great conditional relation in nursing practice and can be use as proof to show the impact of high patients to nurses ratio. It was found tha t nurses in Thailand work environment have high burnout and great dissatisfaction of nurses.Nurse to patient is very low with a total of 110 per shift. At times, a nurse ended-up having to care for more patients. The high patients to nurse ratio brought with it adverse outcomes on patients care and place the patients at high risk of occurrences such as mistaken one patient for another, patient falls, medicine errors, mash ulcers, and urinary parcel of land infection. Furthermore, in the study conducted by Cho, June, Kim, et al (2009). Nurse staffing, quality of nursing care and nurse stock outcomes in intensive care units. This study careful the proportion number of patients to nurse.As per the authors of the article, nurses were more likely to rate quality of care as high when they care for two or fewer patients (odd ratio, 3. 26 95% confidence interval, 1. 14-9. 31) or 2. 0-2. 5 patients (odd ratios, 2. 44 95% confidence interval, 1. 32-4. 52), compared with having more than three patients (Cho, June, Kim, et al,, 2009, p. 1729). The research use for its form a cross-sectional study with persuasion. Its method included 1365 nurses from 65 intensive care units in 22 hospitals in Korea, using A Multilevel logistic regression model. dickens indicators were used, which are the number of patients for each nurse on the ward and the way the staff viewed adequate staffing. The research took place in the ICU units. Hence, the study overly reported that in table 4 in the Sole ICU, in that respect were largest number of patient 2. 8 + or 0. 4 ( Cho, June, Kim, et al, 2009, p. 1733).What is proven is that when the ratio of nurses increases and the patients one decreases, there is a high quality of care that takes place on the unit. This study has great significance to nursing and patient care, because nurses here in the U.S a lot have similar complaints. In addition, the study from Manojlovich & Sidani (2007). Nurse Dose Whats in a design. This is a pathway that the authors believed could alleviate the problem of nurse to patient ratio. The study provided an under groundworking between the link of nursing care and outcome of care. As stated by Manojlovich & Sidani (20097), by elucidative the conceptual and operational definitions of nurse dose, we offer a unified view of the inter-relationships among variables, with the goal of advancing research on nurse staffing and patient outcome (p. 11).With this concept of Nurse Dose future nurse staffing may greatly improve. Furthermore, in the research conducted by Al-Kandari &Thomas (2008). Perceived Adverse patient outcomes correlated to nurses work saddle in medical checkup and surgical of selected hospitals in Kuwait. It is understood that the proportion of patient to nurse ratio plays a spanking part on the outcomes of care. The study shown that there is clear correlation that exist between the work load of the nursing staff and the outcomes of care.The research elements utilized for this study was across-sectional survey conducted between RNs on medical and surgical units in five governmental hospitals. The result shown three major faulty outcomes were reported by nurses from their previous shift which were patients complaints and family concerns. The limitation of this study reports were be locations from the nurses on the units and future researches would need further details (Al-kandari &Thomas, 2007, p. 589). It is impossible for nurses to tip over adequate care and expect good outcomes when nurses are stocked with non-nursing tasks to do.It was found that patients and families and medication miss dose were the two primary outcomes that added on the nurses workload. Second, occurrences tend to increase on the units as the workload of the nurses increased, and non-nursing tasks heavily impacted the workload of the nurses in Kuwait. The study shown great relevance to nursing practice, because it shows that hospitals need to employ other people to carry out non-nursing duties on the unit such as clerical work which would alleviate the workload from nurses responsibilities.Hence, the article Relationships between Registered Nurse Staffing, Processes of Nursing Care, and Nurse-Reported patient outcomes in Chronic Hemodialysis Units by Thomas- Hawkins, Flynn, &Clarke (2008) shown the importance of a high nurse to patient ratio in hemodialysis units. The authors reported in hemodialysis units, higher RN staffing levels have lower odds of experiencing skipped dialysis treatments (Hawkins-T, Flynn, & Clarke, 2008, p. 124).The study shows that it is to the benefits of the patients when there is a higher nurse to patient ratio on hemodialysis units because, patient will less likely get a line any untoward events that are associated with the side effects of hemodialysis therapy. The study utilized a cross-sectional method for data collection which focused on the hemodialysis patient population. The study show the importance of having a high nu rse to patient ratio in dialysis units. The higher the nurses to patient ratio, the less occurrences the patients will experience during hemodialysis treatment.The research used a type of questionnaire in order to find the most accurate adverse events that took place in the dialysis units. The limitations of this study was conducted with nurses who belong to an organization, the adverse patients outcomes were gathered from the nurses reports. The findings from this research were as follow the nurse staffing levels played a significant role on patients outcomes during treatment. The ratio between patients and nurses is high, and each nurse had a patient load that consisted of 12 patients and sometimes more.This study has very good relevance to nursing practice due the fact that it shed light on a busy unit because it is a specialized unit. The study also demonstrated the importance of having professional RNs to perform such duties. Nurse staffing levels and Nursing outcomes A Bayesi an analysis, of Finnish-registered nurse survey data by Tero-h, Kiviniemi, et al (2009). Journal of Nursing Management, 17, 986-993. This report pointed out the impact of high patients to nurse ratio have on the nurses and their achievement on the unit. Therefore, it is inevitable this kind of nurse staffing would bring negative patients outcomes.The design of this study used a survey of date collection from RNs in 46 units at five hospitals. The study found that many elements were contributed to occurrences on the unit such as mortality, failure to rescue, had a very closed correlation to the number of patients to nurse ratio. The study relates significantly to nursing, because it displayed the stress levels that nurses experienced due to heavy patient load assignment. Macphee, Ellis, & McCutcheon (2005). Nurse Staffing and patient Safety. The Canadian Health Services Research foundation.This article brought up evidences of events that may occur in relation to lower nurse patient ratio. It is evident that with a lower nurse to patient ratio, patients are at greater risk of adverse outcomes such as increased rate of mortality, nosocomial infections. It is also proven that with a higher nurse to patient ratio, incidents can be greatly reduced. The study utilized sets of data collected from other researches. No specific population group was chosen for this research but the impact of having high patient to nurse ratio were strongly presented. The article displayed its use to the nursing practice with enough substantial facts.Ke-p. (2003) Relationships between Nurse Staffing and Patient Outcomes. Journal of Nursing Research, 11(3). The study was conducted on a medical surgical unit in Taiwan with analyzed data from a descriptive and multivariate inferential statistics. The rational of this study was to demonstrate the co-relation that exised between high patients to nurse ratio and its impact on patient care outcomes. The results of this study were astounding. It was found that acquired infections, falls, pressure ulcers were the outcome results of inappropriate nurse to patient ratio.This study definitely has very good relevance to nursing practice. Curtin L. (2003). An Integrated Analysis of Nurse Staffing and Related Variables found on Patient Outcomes. Online Journal of Issues in nursing, 8(3), 10913734. In this his study, the author shows a good co-relation between nurse staffing and the outcomes of care on medical patients. He also pointed out an increase in nurse staffing, that was associated with a reduction of 3 to 12 % in occurrences on the hospitals units. (Curtin, 2003). Here again it shows that the greater is the nurse to patient ratio, the better the outcome.Although, this study did not use a specific design, but the analysis it used shows the importance of having a low patient to nurse ratio. Therefore, it is vital for the hospitals to realize the great pain that are imposed on patients and nurses. It is time to remedy the p roblem. Aiken L. (2010). Safety In numbers A mandatory minimum nurse to patient ratio improves outcome. Nursing Standard, 24(44). The author reported, International Hospital Outcomes Study revealed that in England and the United States, hospitals with higher nurse staffing levels had lower mortality rates, nurse job dissatisfaction and burnout (Aiken, 2010, p. 2).The study was conducted in five different countries which survey 22,000 RNs in 604 hospitals in California, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. It was found that nurse in California and the two other states that are closed to California with similar staffing mandatory rules had decreased their workload subsequently providing better care. Duffield C, et al. (2010). Staffing, Skill mix and the model of care. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, 2242-2251 dio 10. 1111/j. 1365-2702. 2010. 03225. The study design was based on secondary analysis collection of data on selected medical/surgical units in 19 hospitals in South Wales, Australia .The experienced nurses worked during the dark while the least experienced nurses worked day or evening shift. The limitation of this study was that skill mix RNs was beneficial to outcomes, but the number of years of experience on a unit were not studied. (Duffield, et al, 2010, pp. 2246, 2249). The relevance of this study to nursing was that it shows how a unit can benefit from having different levels of experienced skill nurses give care to patients. Sidani S, Manojlovich M, & Covell C. (2010). Nurse Dose Validation and Refinement of a Concept.Research and Theory for Nursing Practice An international Journal, 24(3), dio 10. 1891/154-6577. 24. 3. 159. The study used Anonexperrimental, modified survey a questionnaire was used with four sections that participants used to answer the questions. The targeted population was nurse researchers who are experts in services related to healthcare (p. 163). The result of this study shows how classic it is for nurses to spend time with their patients to bring an effective outcome.The study shows great significance of this study in nursing. Welton JM. 2007). Mandatory hospital nurse to patient staffing ratios Time to take a different approach. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 12(3). (13p) (52 ref) This article did not show a specific design that was used. The article stressed another component of the problem, the fact that hospitals are being pressured to increase their staffing without any reimbursement. The article presented two arguments one for and the other against the problem. As a result, hospitals diminished their staff from other area which helped them to even up for the deficit.Although the acuity of patients continue to rise, hospitals failed to increase nurse to patient levels to enable good outcomes. Currie V, Gill V, et al. (2005). Relationship between quality of care, staffing levels, skill mix and nurse self-sufficiency Literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 51(1) 73-82. Using a cross-secti onal analysis design and magnet hospitals, the article poke through between the problem of patient to nurse ratio and the level of occurrences such as, mortality and failure to rescue. The findings were that units with higher nurse to patient ratio experienced lower occurrences.Yes, the article did prove its significance into nursing and patient care. In conclusion, studies are not always conclusive on a particular problem or issue. Further studies are often needed to shed new light on the problem. Hospitals have their parts to play in order to bring a higher nurse to patient ratio to fruition. It still remains that nurses have the responsibility to provide safe and effective nursing care to their patients, regardless of the environment. As a reminder, nursing is a humanistic profession, and its aim has always and will continue to focus on human needs, without regard to ratios.Nonetheless, nurses own it to themselves to be steadfast and never to soften their stand on their demands. Nurses to patient ratio is of utmost importance in the health care and patient outcomes depend on safe nursing staff. It is undeniably align that most professions are facing their own obstacles, and nursing is no different. Nursing has its own obstacles that it has been fighting and must continue to fight for, but a higher nurse to patient ratio is a must win fight, because the end result will be good patients care.

Lenin and Philosophy Essay

The images dispersed through this docu ment attempt to give an example of how women are systematically removed from their sports settings, and placed within a more feminized or sexualized manner. In this way, we can see how over and over, in the images of Chynna Doll, Kristina Korneacouvia and others are used further entrench the socio-cultural rules which place within a circumscribed and static gender role. The images illustrated throughout this paper are clear examples of Mulveys male gaze paradigm.In most of these photographs the athlete was professionally made up. Their tomentum cerebri was styled in the wind blown look often used on models, they wore makeup, and they were each dressed in sexually suggestive, revealing clothing. In doing so, the media acts within the paradigm of hegemony by sending mixed messages. Particularly, sports magazine may seem to portraying female athletes in a positive light, yet there is a constant quantity trivialization of the actual performance i n sports.This allows those that maintain the power and create the rules to allow women a limited role, while simultaneously maintaining the all-pervasive social dictations on the role of women as passive objects within a male dominated society. In this light, women in sports advertising are women first and athletes second. The status quo of gender hierarchy is maintained by muffling images of strong women, while simultaneously re-encoding women as sexual objects. The 1996 Olympics brought much success to female athletes.Many proponents of womens rights and equality in sports though that this marked the net acceptance of women in the sports arena. Womens sports magazines flourished during this time as well. Unfortunately, despite the athletic success on the playing felid and an increase coverage in the media, the media pictured women in less active rolls, oftentimes showing them in their home and family settings, or dressed in their athletic gear in a charged way.In this sense, wom en are allowed to participate in sports, but the underlying message is one that keeps the backdrop of women in the domestic and sexual field. This is a further entrenchment of the aforementioned ideological hegemony of male superiority. Furthermore, this fact reinforces the dominant cultural order that blatantly sexualizes the female experience of success and merit in the sports arena. Ann Balsmo (1996) in her Technologies of the Engendered Body, discusses this phenomenon, stating To be both female and strong today violates traditional codes of feminine identity.Any attempt to reconstruct the torso is transgressive out by using signifiers of hyper-femininity. Herein lies the internality of this analysis women today are caught within the traditional structure of male-dominated hegemony and the perpetuation of this domination through the against the natural identity of the female body. The transgression is balanced fomite of the mass media.Through the light of social and individual discovery, it is now time to take back these traditionally held power roles, allowing a womans body and physical accomplishments to be as worthy of merit and public praise as those of her male counterparts.Works CitedAlthusser, Louis. Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. (Online version) Balsamo, Anne. Technologies of the Gendered Body. Duke Univ. Press, 1996. Blinde, E. , Greendorfer, S. , & Shanker, R. (1991). Differential media coverage of mens and womens intercollegiate basketball Reflection of gender ideology. Journal of Sport & Social Issues 15, 98114.

Nina Simone

Nina Sim unmatchable was one of the most powerful singers of not only her time, but of all(prenominal) time. Her music made people think, change and copy. In her music, she made contributions to the civilized rights movement. She used and touched so many genres of music from Jazz all the counseling to modern day rap She had influenced countless artists and passed with unwrap any ac make loveledgment or fanfare deserving of such an amazing arust. Eunice Kathleen waymon was born February 21, 1933, In Tyron North Carolina.She was an peculiarly brilliant and talented child. Eunice picked up music very easily and til now as a small child by and by hearing a hymn only once could sing it perfectly. She was able to cope with plano by ear at age two and a half. she was the regular planlst every Sunday at church by age five. at this age she was compared to Mozart. After seeing the talent in such a young child an older German lady, Muriel Massinovitch offered to teach young Eunice. Mrs. Masslnovltch, fearrd her pupil would soon surpass her as by age eight she could decipher musical scores, read and write music.Eunice awoke even more with the classical composer, such as Bach, Bach made me dedicate my ite to music. Eunice had her first brush with segregation at an early age ot twelve. Mrs Massinovitch was so eminent of her talents she organized a recital to show of Eunice talents. Her parents very proudly sat in the first row however, before the recital started a white braces approached them for their seats. As was the law back then the Waymons got up to move, at that point Eunice stated in front of everyone she would not play If they were made to move.The white yoke sat elsewhere and her parents visibly embarrassed took their seats and watched Eunice play.. After this Eunice would say later looking back, All of the sudden it seemed a dfferent world graduating In 1950 at the top of her class applied to the Curtis Institute. She received a letter in 1954 stating that they had rejected her. There is speculation that it was because she was a women and because she was a black woman. whatever the campaign an all white male jury had rejected Eunice this plagued her through her life.. Eunice changed her name to Nina Simone after playing a club in Philadelphia in1954. he got the Job to play plano her true love and was told by the manager she would ing or be out of a job thus her stage persona was borm She took the name Nina meaning minute one she said was nickname from a former lover and Simone for Simone Slgnoret In casque dOr. Nina married her manager Andy Stroud In 1901 and gave birth to daughter Lisa in 1962 She worked hard to clog up her family and endured abuse from her husband. Stroud controlled every aspect of Ninas life and career. She was hospitalized several times tor exhaustion.Andy told her that too many people relied on her so she couldnt take a break and wouldnt even allow her to breast feed their daughter. It Is suspected that N ina had begun to have a mental Imoalance or a m Olsoraer around IYO/ out tnls was not connrmea. Nlnas songs were classified as Jazz, blues, gospel and even later r&b. All she has ever wanted to do was play classical piano and consider any other music as inferior. Nina got involved in the civil rights movement and her songs became anthems for not only the civil right movement but for the emerging feminist movement.Her song multiple sclerosis Goddam was written after she heard about four black girls that were killed going to church by a bomb in Alabama. The songs lyrics are Alabamas got me so upset. Tennessee made me lose my rest. / But everybody knows about Mississippi Goddam/ Hound dogs on my trail/ schoolchildren sitting in Jail/ Black cat crosswise my path/ I think every day s going to be my last. The last lines are mfou dont have to live next to me/Just tumble me my equality. Most radio stations refuse to play the song.The song sold well except in the south where it was boycot ted and censored. Some retailers return the record to the distributors after breaking each record in two. Although most of Ninas music chronicles the fight for equal rights and racial njustice her song Four Women, not only spoke to the civil right movement but to feminist groups fighting for equal right for women. The song talks about one daughter being born out of a rape of a slave and many black stations banned the song. They considered the song, an insult to black women. Nina made sure to continue to fight for some(prenominal) causes not only in her music but she also cancelled tour dates to participate in protest concerts with many others most notably Langston Hughes who became one of Ninas best friends. Ninas music draws from spirituals, blues, folk, classical and even some traditional music. Many of her songs have been redone and made popular by other artist for example home plate of the Rising Sun this bothered her as she felt people didnt know where the songs came from. Al though Nins cock was a piano she felt that her voice was the only pure instrument.Many of her songs may have appeared to be filled with anger but many of her songs just have soul and no anger for example l turn back No Grudge The words are, l hold no grudge/ There is no resentment undneath/lll extend the laurel wreath and well be friends. stick out also calls Simone the cultural arm of the civil rights Nina Simone assed away April 21, 2003 in a small village in the south of France. Her death didnt cause much reprimand in the media European or American. It was said merely that a bad tempered but successful diva from the world of Jazz had passed away.That was about it On May 18th 2003 the Curtis Institute of music posthumously awarded Nina an honorary diploma for her contribution to the art of music. Nina was aware of the schools plan before her death but her family veritable the honor for her. It almost seems like at long last Simone achieved her ultimate goal. To see what kin d of mpact Nina Simone had on the world you need only look at todays popular artist from Norah Jones, Missy Elliott, Lauryn Hill and even Marilyn Manson, claim her as an influence. Her songs have been rerecorded over and over many people are fans and dont even know they are listening toa Nina Simone song. To have such a huge impact on such wide variety of artists is outstanding and hard pressed to match. I have long been a fan of Nina Simone. I myself used to be one of those saying,Oh this is a song of Nina Simone. upon hearing the song in a word picture of a soundtrack. I began istening to her music and realized how unbelieving moving it is. Her songs and make you angry and then relax you in the next verse.

African Americans and Slavery Essay

The the Statesn Revolution was a time of great turmoil for all men and women in the United States. Great debates came and went during this time slavery and the freedom of fateful men being the main problems in these debates. Slaves were used for a great outlet of things during the American diversityary period. The arrival of slavery to the American colonies began in the 1600s and started out in Virginia. As the years passed more than and more African-Americans were brought into the colonies to be used as labor workers.The beginning amount of slaves continued to grow and by the beginning of the revolution there were about 273,000 slaves spread throughout the American states. With the coming of the revolution all African-Americans, slave or free, knew something was coming and each had a different response to these comings. There were differences in the responses of slaves and free men during the American Revolution. There were in like manner consequences to their choices.Gaining freedom in a land of captivity and wresting equality from a society whose founding documents guarantee it has been the consuming desire and everlasting hope that has unploughed harrowed bodies and weary souls going. In the southern states African-American slaves were treated harsher than those in the north. The plantations down south required back breaking hours of work in the sun that livid Americans believed could only be done by those they had bought. There was a reason for them to be there and until they could no longer work they were to do all things conceivable for their owners, no questions asked.Some of these slaves thought it was easier to run away from their owners and that in doing so they would have a chance to urge on for their country. Slaves could either flee to the north or they could flee to Spanish owned Florida. In cases where a master was called upon to raise up, they would send a slave in their place and if they lived long enough to return family line the y earned freedom. Many of the slaves decided that if they had a chance to gain their freedom by joining the contend effort then they would gladly take their get the hang place.They withal believed that with the beginning to the extremist period would bring a new deed to the land and when it was over there would no longer be a need for slaves. The consequences for slaves in the south were innumerable. Like many slaves, they took this time to run from slave masters and plantations. If these southern slaves were caught, depending on the owner, the slave could suffer mild to sedate consequences. Depending on the demeanor of the owner a slave could be punished in several different ways. Whipping, branding, slapping, being dunked underwater, and kicking were just some forms of punishment.The almost severe punishments were to cut off a body part like an ear in the hopes that the slave would learn and never run again. There were also nice slave owners that chose non to punish their s laves. There justification for non punishing their slaves was so that they would continue to work and so that the owner could buy more slaves with the money that they continued to pool in from the work. Because of some owners that continuously harassed Washington, he stopped allowing slaves into his forces. But General Washington, fearing rebellion, created an order that stated that all blacks were non allowed to fight.Later he partially reversed the order and allowed only free black men to fight with him. Some slaves believed that taking a chance to flee towards the north was a far-fetched idea. They were seeking freedom in the quickest possible way. Lord Dunmore sent out a proclamation that stated in commute for freedom any black that came to him would fight against the patriots and become a loyalist. Dunmores promise of freedom fueled black slaves to escape and even some patriots fled to fight as a loyalist. After the war, true to his word, slaves gained their freedom.Some of these newly freed slaves went to Britain but many of them stayed in the Americas. On the other hand free men in the north believed the revolution would bring about change for the better. Their idea of the revolution was that they were being given the chance to gain independence from Great Britain and also for themselves. It was a defining moment in tarradiddle that they were to be a part of. Fighting with uncontaminating men gave these free black men a common sense of honor and it also gave them a job where they could earn a little money to put towards getting homes and things of that nature.Men from the north inertly began to realize that they could fight with their brethren and bring independence to the land. General Washington passed an order stating that no black man was allowed into his army. This order came about because of general angst from some slave owners. These owners believed that there should not be any blacks fighting for the independence because they were only g ood for being slaves and they would never have say over anything.After some time Washington, fearing not having enough men to fight against the British, partially reversed this order to allow only free black men. Other than this there were not many consequences that argon recorded for free black men. These free men not only fought for the independence of the nation but also for their independence and the independence of other black men and women. African-Americans from the north and south chose to join the continental army because they believed that they should help make the place the lived independent from a tyranny that had no say in the matters of a new country. They felt that this tyranny could take their rights and place them under unfair rule once again.Some of the freemen and slaves that had started out in the continental army decided to run to the British army but were not successful in their plights. Nash called the revolution the greatest slave rebellion in American histor y because it was just that. The revolution opened up new grounds for slaves to rebel against owners because it was the most opportune time for them to do so. If any group within Americas diversified people came close to answering John Adamss plea that we must all be soldiers, it was black Americans.No part of revolutionary society responded to the call for arms with anywhere near the enthusiasm of those who were black. Proportionate to their number, African American males and some females were more likely to join the fray than livid Americans. According to this excerpt from some other one of Nashs books, African-Americans were much more adept to answering the plea of John Adams. If there were more African-American fighters than white that meant that more black males were subject to put themselves in danger in order to gain freedom.They would rather have one day of freedom, not astute if they would die in the next second, hour, or day, than be a slave for the rest of their lives. This is one of the reasons why Nash called the revolution the greatest slave rebellion in American history. Desperate to fill the thinned ranks of its regiments, states offered freedom to serve during the continuance of the present war with Great Britain. Every black enlistee would be immediately discharged from the service of his master or mistress, and be absolutely free, as if he had never been encumbered with any kind of servitude or slavery. If states were frightening to have more men come into their ranks then there was nothing really stopping slaves from escaping their masters and coming to fight. They all cherished freedom from someone. Slaves wanted freedom from their bonds that were tied to the soil they worked and the Americans wanted freedom from Great Britain. Both groups had their reasons to fight and the only way slaves knew how to become free was to rebel and run to an army. This was a time for large rebellions on all fronts not just from the slaves.It was a rebel lion against the British from the former colonists and a rebellion against the men and women that were taken from their homes to someways create new ones. It may have been, as Nash says the greatest slave rebellion in American history, but for most of the rebels it ended like the others, in death. Slaves who supported the American side fared better, but not much better. Only with great reluctance did Washington allow some to join his army. Other Virginians had another wartime use for them.In 1780 the state legislature offered salves as a bounty for enlistment in the war against British tyranny. The revolution did see enactment of measures for gradual emancipation in the northern states, but the number who benefited was small. My view on the American Revolution has changed somewhat because of how the African-Americans were treated during and after the period of war. The Americans act as though they had not been fighting alongside each other and because of this withhold distaste for the blacks.The completely disregard the idea that every man is created equal and has plastered unalienable rights. They do not extend these ideas that were written down on the Declaration of Independence to the free black Americans. Men that had fought with and under Washington were not looked as the same because the color of their skin and were not given the same rights. Because of how they were treated I see the Revolution more as a war against Britain to save other whites from tyranny rather than to gain independence for all mankind. .of Revolution (Harvard University 2006), 1. 2 . Taymor, . US History Documents. Last modified 2005.Accessed January 27, 2013. http//inside. sfuhs. org/dept/history/US_History_reader/Chapter2/Nashfighting. pdf. 3 . Taymor, . US History Documents. Last modified 2005. Accessed January 27, 2013. http//inside. sfuhs. org/dept/history/US_History_reader/Chapter2/Nashfighting. pdf. 4 . Edmund S. Morgan, review of The Unknown American Revolution.

Nicaragua Research Paper

Nicaragua is the second poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, plainly is also full of history, impost and life. It is know for its great folk music, deep heritage and glossiness. Nicaragua is hidden jewel with contendm, gorgeous culture and exciting nature. It is surrounded by its incredible history, culture and nature. Nicaragua is a little larger than New York State. The capital of Nicaragua is capital of Nicaragua and other major cities argon Bluefield, Chinandega, Granada, Ji nonega, Leon, Masaya, Matagalpa and Rivas. The climate on high bring downs is cooler and in lowlands is tropical.Nicaragua is warm and has umpteen land that has lakes, mountains rivers, volcanoes, sea and sun. The country is divided into three geographic domains which atomic number 18 the Pacific Lowlands on the west, the mountainous telephone exchange Region and the Atlantic Lowlands on the east. The central Region is an ara with mountains and ranges over 3,281 feet above sea level. on tha t point atomic number 18 oaks, pines, moss, ferns and orchids ar abundant in the massive cloud forests of the region. 1 There are many hikers and backpackers many walk along the tree shaded paths which can lead you to clear waters of the mountain springs.Nicaraguas tropical east seashore is far divergent from the rest of the country. The climate is tropical with high temperature and high humidity. The metropolis of Bluefields is located here, English or soly spoken. Nature lovers will find interest in the tropical forests of the area. A great variety of birds are to be studied including eagles, turkeys, toucans, parakeets and macaws. 2 Animal life in the area includes several(prenominal) different species of monkeys, ant-eaters, sporting-tailed deer and tapirs. The Pacific Lowlands area runs from the Gulf of Fonseca, on Nicaraguas Pacific border with Costa Rica southbound of Lake Nicaragua.From this lowland strip, you can view the Maribios mountain range, with its 25 volca nic cones, which towers over most of the beautiful and gallant beaches found anywhere else in Central America. This region is the most populated. About 27 percent of the estates wide population lives in and around Managua, which is known as the capital city. In addition there are many beaches and resort communities located in the Pacific Lowlands. This area is the Spanish colonial heritage, many cities such as Granada and Leon are as intumesce in Spanish colonial architecture and artifacts.In the year 1998, Hurricane Mitch bust into Nicaragua causing the worst indispensable disaster of the twentieth century. Till this day the country has slowly been reconstructing their economy. Nicaragua not only has suffered from economy issues except has suffered from political instability, civil war, poverty foreign intervention and natural disasters. Thousands of earth died. some(a) were stuck in mudslides or drowned because rivers broke their banks, which caused towns and villages t o flood. Roads, bridges, houses, crops and animals were swept away, which left pile with a destroyed land, towns and villages. 3 In order for good deal to survive and stay safe they would climb trees, and hung from roofs of their home to escape the high heavy waters. People were hungry, cold and approximately were sick because they were waiting to be rescued which took real long. Disease began to quickly spread because decomposing bodies and rotting animals flesh contaminated the water supplies. As many as 3,000 people died the day Hurricane Mitch came. About more than a fifth of the population was, stranded in camps most of peoples home and livelihoods were destroyed when Mitch hit Nicaragua.To rebuild the country would take decades and the estimate appeal would be over one billion dollars. Nicaragua has dealt with other tragedies corresponding the quake that destroyed many hotels, shops. The earthquake destroyed all offices in the year 1972. Sewage systems and the electri city poles were severely damaged. 4Hurricane Mitch has left a negative impact on the country including human lives were lost, crops were destroyed, major environmental damage, and there was also damage to highways, bridges, instills, galvanising and water supply systems. Nicaragua is surrounded by its beautiful nature including its incredible history.The name Nicaragua came from a chieftain named Nicarao. He was chief to a digenous tribe that settled in Lake Nicaragua around late 1400s and early 1500s. In 1524 Hernandez de Cordoda was the commencement exercise Spanish settler to live in the region of Granada on Lake Nicaragua and Leon Managua. Nicaragua gained its self-directeds from Spain in 1821, fashioning the country part of the Mexican Empire and becoming a member of independent Central American. Nicaragua became an independent republic. The west side of the country was colonized by Spain in the 1520s it also has aspects of Spanish culture like other Spanish speaking La tin American Countries.The Eastern half of the country was erstwhile a British protectorate. 5There are several indigenous groups that still maintain a distant identity like the Miskitos, Sumo, Garifuna and Rama. These groups still use their original languages and some speak English or Spanish. Spaniards settled in the Western Nicaragua in the early 1500s. The Spaniards met three main tribes that each had their own languages and culture. Spanish is an official language that is spoken in Nicaragua and only seventy percent of the populations are Spanish speakers. roughly of the Spanish speakers live either in highlands or lowlands.When the British setter came to Nicaragua they introduced English words to the Spanish speakers in the Western Nicaragua. The Creoles, which are the swarthy people of the Caribbean region, were brought from colonial-era slaves. Creoles are English speakers, even though some speak Spanish as a second language. Creoles in Nicaragua included the Miskitos, R ama, and Sumo. Miskitos that speak English didnt want anything to do with the Spanish culture. The Miskitos referred the Spanish speaking Nicaraguans as los Espanoles. The Creoles resented the Western Hispanic culture. Nicaragua remains the second- poorest nation in the hemisphere.One of the things the country suffers from is the constant trading products and managing budgeting. Some traditional export products are coffee, eye and sugar. Some nontraditional exports are veget satisfactorys, tobacco products and gold. 4Today Nicaraguas economy is based on agricultural efforts, since the nation has very fertile land and a low density of population on the land. Export crops such as coffee, cotton, bananas, and sugar rose steadily from 1950 to 1975. The country was severely damaged by civil war and at the same time it suffered natural disasters including earthquakes floods and hurricanes.Nicaragua has strong, folklore, music and religious tradition, which are organically from the Europ ean culture. The different cultures that Nicaraguans are creative, varied, happy and humorous cultures. Palo de Mayo is celebration to welcome the rain, production and new life. There is no answer as to how it came to Nicaragua. Some people believe that it originated from the Nicaraguan Creoles so they believe that it directly came from Jamaica. The music it is danced to is sensual with rhythm and as time went on things was added on to it. Palo de Mayo is a very massive part of the Nicaragua culture.Nicaraguas food is known as the finest in the Central America. They are famous for using idle ingredients. Nicaragua shares the same flavors and ingredients with Mexican, Honduras and Guatemala food. Nicaraguans consume lemon tortillas with most meals. Tortillas are larger and thin and are made of white corn. This is used as an edible utensil to wrap meat and beans. When most people cannot give in meat regularly they eat beans because beans pretend protes. A breakfast dish the most Nicaraguans eat is red beans, which are small red beans that are put into Gallo pinto.They are known as red rooster and it a medley with red and red beans. Another meal the Nicaraguans enjoy is tamales. Tamales are and entire meal that has corn, rice, tomatoes, chili, potatoes, bitter cassava root and sometimes has meat in them. They are wrapped in a leaf and are cooked. Popular fruits are mangos and plantains. 5Nicaraguans drink coffee with hot milk at breakfast or black with sugar. A famous drink that is known in the nation is Pinol. Pinol is a nonalcoholic drink, which is made from corn flour and water. Food isnt the only famous part in Nicaragua music as well is really huge.Nicaraguas music and dances are from the heritage and mixture if the different cultures that are around. Each region has its own traditions, and all Nicaraguans consider themselves to share on cultural identity. Some musical instruments that is famous is the marimba, in Nicaragua it is made with hardwood plates, which is placed over bamboo or metal tubes of vary lengths. A sitting performer ordinarily plays it while they are holding it with there knees. The marimba player is usually accompanied by a bass fiddle, a guitar player. The music that Nicaraguans listen quite varies.They enjoy all types of music coming from Cuba to the Unties States and friar preacher Republic. They listen to tons of music that are form different countries. The music in Nicaragua has a mixture of European and Spanish influence. Tourism in Nicaragua is known nation wide and has increased travelers to come blab Nicaragua. The growth in the tourism industry left a positive impact in agricultural, mercantile and in finance industries. A famous spot that caught tourist attention is the colonial city of Granada, cities like San Juan del Sur, San Juan River, Ometepe and Mombacho attract many tourists. 6In 2005, 803, 933 tourist visited Nicaragua and many of the tourist came from Europe and United States of Amer ica. Tourist attractions are volcanoes, sand skiing, doing activities such as hiking, climbing, camping and swimming. Nicaragua is referred as the lands of lakes and volcanoes. Tourism improves Nicaragua every year hotels are low-cost and there are so many luxury places to visit. There is always something to do while you are visiting or vacationing in Nicaragua. Nicaraguans have the right for freedom of religion and the people are very fond of their belief of god.Roman Catholicism arrived in Nicaragua with the Spanish settlers in the sixteen century. Many Nicaraguans are Roman Catholic but many blacks believe and belong to the Protestant religion. Roman Catholics are people who attend mass, and receive the sacrament are mostly women, upper socio-economic class and lower class people. well-nigh Catholic churches are in rural communities and priests preach them. A priest leads mass and delivers the sacraments to church members. Blacks from the coast mostly belong to the Pentecosta l. One of the largest Pentecostal churches in Nicaragua is the Moravian Church and Baptist Convention.Nicaraguas education is known as being one of the poorest through out Latin America. Its education system has suffered severely. Elementary schools are free, but many children that live in rural areas are unable to attend due to the lack of school around their area and other occasions. 7Children under the age of seven and twelve get free schooling, but only seventy percent of the children attend school. Communities that are located in the Caribbean coast have schools that school them in their native language. Nicaraguas societys is largely uneducated twenty percent of first graders only finished the sixth grade.Poverty affects childrens to go to school because most families are unable to afford to take over for their children to attend school. Secondary education institutions are private and too expensive for a immense amount of Nicaraguans. Only eight percent of the population enrolls in universities, which are mostly upper class families. One of the first universities to be built was in the city of Leon and Managua. Children in Nicaragua wear school uniforms and pay a fee to the school that covers basic school materials. approximatelyly all schools lack with money to misdirect sport equipments, science/ computers technology and musical instruments.Students are taught basic subjects but arent able to really learn how to use computers or equipments of any kind. There are different times students are able to attend school which is either in the mornings, the afternoons or the evenings because many kids work to increase there family income. Teachers have no incentives, limited training and horrible working space. Teachers are paid very low salaries. Most of the teachers are single or abandoned mothers who work to provide a future for their children. Poverty is on of the biggest social problem in Nicaragua it has been for decades.In Managua poverty is so b ad that some of the urban people live and have house that are made from cardboard boxes with dirt on the floor. Some Nicaraguans do not have access to clean drinking or plumbing water. 8The governing body in Nicaragua is making progress in improving healthcare and education mostly for the poor and rural communities. Almost 75 percent of families in Nicaragua live in poverty. Families of low- income are framers and land workers, one member per families work at farms. Most of Nicaraguas rural poor live in vast dry central region, where natural resources are limited to plant.Rural people dependent of crops such as beans, vegetables etc, but at times droughts get and it affects their food and income. The reason why the rural people are poor is because Hurricane Mitch causes an environmental disaster, and another reason is Nicaragua was in the civil war from 1980 to 1990 and because of that the economic crisis collapses. Nicaraguas government is divided into three branches there is t he decision maker, legislative, and the judicial. The executive branch has the president, vice president and an appointed cabinet of ministers.Such as the Ministry of Education, Defense, Environment, Family, Foreign Affairs etc. The legislative branch has ninety- two members of the National Assembly, and it as well enforces the countries law. The judicial branch has the Supreme Court, which is located in Managua and other lower courts. The Supreme Court has twelve judges and has criminal, civil and constitutional matters divisions. The government is responsible to control the urban development, construction, and maintenance of roads, parks, and bridges including creating museums and libraries.In conclusion, Nicaragua is a country that is full of immersing history, culture, nature and tradition. Nicaragua is known as the seconds poorest country in the western Hemisphere. There are many areas that Nicaragua inevitably to improve like education, poverty and social problem. Nicaraguas culture is full of history and immersing tradition. Works Cited Channel, By Nicaragua. Culture in Nicaragua By Nicaragua Channel. Nicaragua Hotels, Travel and Destination involve By Nicaragua Channel. Web. 01 Nov. 2010. . Channel, By Nicaragua. Page not Found on Nicaragua. com By Nicaragua Channel. Nicaragua Hotels, Travel and Destination Guide By Nicaragua Channel. Web. 01 Nov. 2010. . Merrill, Tim. Nicaragua a Country Study. upper-case letter (D. C. ) Government Printing Office, 1994. Print. Nicaragua History. Country Studies. Web. 01 Nov. 2010. . Nicaragua Facts. Sponsor a Child Compassion. Web. 01 Nov. 2010. . People Nicaragua Central America Nicaragua Population, Nicaragua People, Lake Nicaragua, mestizo People, Center Government. Countries Quest. Web. 01 Nov. 2010. . Plunkett, Hazel. Nicaragua in Focus a Guide to the People, politics and Culture. Brooklyn, NY Interlink, 1999.Print. Plunkett, Hazel. Nicaragua in Focus a Guide to the People, Politics and Culture . Brooklyn, NY Interlink, 1999. Print. Why Nicaragua? NICARAGUA Spanish Schools VOLUNTEER Nicaragua SPANISH STUDY ABROAD Nicaragua LEARN SPANISH Granada NICARAGUA Nicaragua educational Spanish PROGRAMS VOLUNTEER OPPORTUNITIES in Nicacaragua NICARAGUAN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS. Web. 01 Nov. 2010. . Youth and Education Issues in Nicaragua. Foundation for sustainable Development Grassroots International Development Intern, Volunteer, Donate. Web. 01 Nov. 2010. . 1 http//centralamerica. com/nicaragua/info/general. htm 2 http//centralamerica. com/nicaragua/info/general. htm 3 In focus Nicaragua (A guide to the people, Politics and Culture) Author Hazel Plunkett 4 http//www. spainshhprogramnicarga. com/nicaragua_information. htm 5 http elibrary. bigchalk. com 6 http//www. compasion. com/about/where/nicaragua. htm 7 http//www. spainshprogramnicaragua. com/nicaragua_information. htm 8 http//countrystudies. us/nicaragua/3. htm 9 http//www. nicaragua. com/culture/education 10 http//www . fsinternational. org/country/Nicaragua/hropps

Glutten Free, Sugar Free, Low Carb Cake Balls Essay

So have you ever been to a party where there were bar b exclusively tolds and they were so good that you couldnt stop eating them? Well I have and I accredit that I dont like how I feel after I eat all of them. After dismission to a couple of different parties where these addicting treats were present I decided that I demand to find a way to fake them better for you while still maintaining there amazing great taste. So I did some research with my kid sister and we found the perfect chemical formula. This amazing recipe is gluten free, dough free, and it is also low carb.Today Im going to inform you on how to pay this fabulous batch of streak balls, which is set to make fifty. a. First I will tell you the differences in a batch of cake balls from a box cake and the healthy cake balls Im going to give you. i. First a box of cake assortment is al jell mixed and ready to go not much of a hassle to make, but the healthy cake balls require you to mix a bunch of different ingre dients in concert. While it is time consuming if your making them with a friend or with your family members then it would be a great way to bond and talk.Second the texture of the healthy cake balls is sort of rough because there is applesauce in it and a regular cake mix is going to be smooth and normal. b. The second thing that Im going to inform you on is how to make the cake balls. i. First you need to make sure you have all your ingredients 1. Ingredients such as almond flour, unsweetened coco powder, sea salt, baking powder, applesauce, eggs, vanilla extract, raspberry fruit spread (no sugar added) ii. Next you have to pre-heat the oven to 350. You also need to have a 139-baking pan to put the cake mix to place in the oven.You then have to combine all your dry ingredients together in a large mixing bowl, and in a medium bowl mix together all your wet ingredients. iv. After you have mixed the dry and wet ingredients separately slowly mix them together into the large mixing bowl until thoroughly combined. Then pour into the baking pan. v. Once the cake has bake for roughly thirty-five minutes (or until toothpick comes out clean) let the cake cool off completely forward you crumble the cake into a large bowl and mash the raspberry spread.Now that you know how to make the mix for cake balls you just have to form them and add a candy coating. i. Once the mix is completely mixed take it and start making one-inch balls then put a lolli stick in it. ii. The candy coating is just an unsweetened 100% Cacao chocolate baking bar resolve with vanilla extract. All you have to do is simply dip the stick into the melted chocolate (or your option of flavor) III. Conclusion Now that you know how to make healthy gluten and sugar free, low carb cake balls, you can be the one to bring them to parties and share the recipe.

Behavioural and emotional disorders in childhood Essay

These are a group of noetic conditions that patent tribe from childishness, causing injustice in selective parts of the body. The ICD-10 commonly refers to them as particularised Disorders of mental Development (Lord et.al, 2012 p.306). These disorders take language, learning, speech, motor, neuro maturement, and autism. Others that earth-closet loosely be classified as developmental impairments include schizophrenic psychosis and antisocial behavior (Lord et.al, 2012 p.307). These conditions are stick in from childhood and depending on the stage of diagnosis, and they improve as the yearling develops. Most of them are diagnosed under the age of 9 when those surrounding a child identity card defects or certain inabilities in comparison to children of the same age.these are a group of psychological conditions that manifest people from childhood causing impairment in selective parts of the body. the icd-10 commonly refers to them as specific disorders of psychological dev elopment lord et.al 2012 p.306 these disorders include language learning speech motor neurodevelopment and autism. others that trick loosely be classified as developmental impairments include schizophrenia and antisocial behaviThese are a group of psychological conditions that manifest people from childhood, causing impairment in selective parts of the body. The ICD-10 commonly refers to them as Specific Disorders of Psychological Development (Lord et.al, 2012 p.306). These disorders include language, learning, speech, motor, neurodevelopment, and autism. Others that can loosely be classified as developmental impairments include schizophrenia and antisocial behavior (Lord et.al, 2012 p.307). These conditions are show up from childhood and depending on the stage of diagnosis, and they improve as the toddler develops. Most of them are diagnosed under the age of 9 when those surrounding a child punctuate defects or certain inabilities in comparison to children of the same age.There is no specific cause of these disorders, isolated from existing theories that are employ to draw scientific hypotheses. The most significant characteristics in play inquire communicable composition and environmental factors that disrupt the normal human development process and create abnormalities. harmonize to explore on of the guess states that stress or trauma during the early(a) childhood period can cause developmental disorders.What causes the autism spectrum disorders.The unhealthiness was first constituted in the mid-20th century by a shrink known as king of beasts Kanner (McPartland & Dawson, 2015 p.127). He stated that autism was an inborn defect without a definite motivative(prenominal) factor, and detected in children from as early as a few weeks after bring forth to leash years of age. Recent research attributes the affection to biology, naming hereditary factors and the pre and peri-natal environments as the superior influencing factors.Autism spectrum r efers to a compartmentalization of conditions that are classified as neurodevelopmental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). These diseases include Asperger Syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, autism, and pervasive development disorder not otherwise undertake, abbreviated as PDD-NOS (Lord et.al, 2012 p.308).Classification of ASD prior diagnosis manuals classified Aspergers Syndrome and Autism as different sub-categories of disorders. However, the latest DSM-V manual includes both as a range of a bigger disease depending on its severity (Lauritsen, 2013 p.37). People with both syndromes are reason under the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Secondly, the DSM-5 vade mecum does not emphasize on the aspect of language delay or the exact age when the disease manifests itself (Lauritsen, 2013 p.37). Instead, it is classified as a neurodevelopmental condition whose symptoms occur in the early childhood stage with accomplishable diagnos is at a later date. The DSM- 5 also changed the impairment areas from three to two that is to say social communication and behavior (Lauritsen, 2013 p.37). Finally, the clinical presentation of the disease presently uses clinical specifiers to describe ASD (Lord et.al, 2012 p.309). harmonise to scientific study, there are three types of genetic associations of ASD. The first is the familial aggregation of autism common in the siblings of affected ones, and the second category is the genetic combination of other conditions present in the family members of the afflicted children (Lord et.al, 2013 p.4). The terce kind of genetic association fills the connection with specific conditions of know genetic composition (Yuen et.al, 2015 p.187).or lord et.al 2012 p.307 these conditions are present from childhood and depending on the stage of diagnosis and they improve as the toddler develops. most of them are diagnosed under the age of 9 when those surrounding a child notice defects or c ertain inabilities in comparison to children of the same age. there is no specific cause of these disorders apart from existing theories that are used to draw scientific hypotheses. the most significant characteristics in play involve genetic composition and environmental factors that disrupt the normal human development process and create abnormalities. gibe to research on of the theory states that stress or trauma during the early childhood period can cause developmental disorders.what causes the autism spectrum disorders the disease was first described in the mid-20th century by a psychiatrist known as Leo Kanner McPartland Dawson 2015 p.127 he stated that autism was an inborn defect without a definite sternutatory factor and detected in children from as early as a few weeks after birth to three years of age. recent research attributes the disease to biology naming hereditary factors and the pre and peri-natal environments as the greatest influencing factors. autism spectrum re fers to a variety of conditions that are classified as neurodevelopmental disorders in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-5 these diseases include Asperger syndrome childhood disintegrative disorder autism and pervasive development disorder not otherwise specified abbreviated as pdd-nos lord et.al 2012 p.308 classification of asd previous diagnosis manuals classified Aspergers syndrome and autism as different sub-categories of disorders. and the latest DSM-v manual includes both as a range of a larger disease depending on its severity Lauritsen 2013 p.37 people with both syndromes are categorized under the autism spectrum disorder and secondly the DSM-5 handbook does not emphasize on the aspect of language delay or the exact age when the disease manifests itself, Lauritsen, 2013 p.37 sort of it is classified as a neurodevelopmental condition whose symptoms occur in the early childhood stage with workable diagnosis at a later date. the DSM- 5 also change d the impairment areas from three to two namely social communication and behavior Lauritsen 2013 p.37 finally the clinical presentation of the disease currently uses clinical specifiers to describe and lord et.al 2012 p.309 according to scientific study there are three types of genetic associations of asd. the first is the familial aggregation of autism common in the siblings of affected ones and the second category is the genetic combination of other conditions present in the family members of the afflicted children lord et.al 2013 p.4 the third kind of genetic association involves the connection with specific conditions of recognized genetic composition yuen et.al 2015 p.187There is no specific cause of these disorders, apart from existing theories that are used to draw scientific hypotheses. The most significant characteristics in play involve genetic composition and environmental factors that disrupt the normal human development process and create abnormalities. According to res earch on of the theory states that stress or trauma during the early childhood period can cause developmental disorders.What causes the autism spectrum disorders.The disease was first described in the mid-20th century by a psychiatrist known as Leo Kanner (McPartland & Dawson, 2015 p.127). He stated that autism was an inborn defect without a definite causative factor, and detected in children from as early as a few weeks after birth to three years of age. Recent research attributes the disease to biology, naming hereditary factors and the pre and peri-natal environments as the greatest influencing factors.Autism spectrum refers to a variety of conditions that are classified as neurodevelopmental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). These diseases include Asperger Syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, autism, and pervasive development disorder not otherwise specified, abbreviated as PDD-NOS (Lord et.al, 2012 p.308).Classification of A SDPrevious diagnosis manuals classified Aspergers Syndrome and Autism as different sub-categories of disorders. However, the latest DSM-V manual includes both as a range of a larger disease depending on its severity (Lauritsen, 2013 p.37). People with both syndromes are categorized under the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Secondly, the DSM-5 handbook does not emphasize on the aspect of language delay or the exact age when the disease manifests itself (Lauritsen, 2013 p.37). Instead, it is classified as a neurodevelopmental condition whose symptoms occur in the early childhood stage with possible diagnosis at a later date. The DSM- 5 also changed the impairment areas from three to two namely social communication and behavior (Lauritsen, 2013 p.37). Finally, the clinical presentation of the disease currently uses clinical specifiers to describe ASD (Lord et.al, 2012 p.309).According to scientific study, there are three types of genetic associations of ASD. The first is the familial a ggregation of autism common in the siblings of affected ones, and the second category is the genetic combination of other conditions present in the family members of the afflicted children (Lord et.al, 2013 p.4). The third kind of genetic association involves the connection with specific conditions of recognized genetic composition (Yuen et.al, 2015 p.187).

Jonathan Swift Contrast

Thesis tilt In the satire A Modest Proposal, Jonathan quick addresses a problem that is extremely serious on a grand scale and usances a somber forest to present his radical however, in the take-off An Innocent Proposal, Benjamen Pewitt refers to a less significant concern and his plan to fix it is meant to be hilarious. I. Problem A. fleet B. Pewitt II. Solution A. swift B. Pewitt Most people have examineed and probably laughed at the television series southwestward lay or the movie Spaceb solelys. These are two slap-up examples of satire and a travesty.Satires and parodies are created in all kinds of formats from movies and television shows to music, books, and plays. One of their main purposes is to entertain the audience, and nearly of the time they are extremely humorous. precisely they are also created for rattling specific reasons. For example, the Merriam-Webster online dictionary defines satire as a literary piddle holding up human vices and follies to raill ery or scorn. An example is in an episode of South Park when Stans girlfriend breaks up with him because his Facebook status is single. This makes fun of Americas obsession with Facebook.As further famed by Merriam-Webster a parody is A literary or musical work in which the panache of the author or work is closely imitated for comic effect or in ridicule. Spaceballs is a great representation of this definition because it mocks Star Wars, and the entire plot for the movie is based on Star Wars. In the satire A Modest Proposal Jonathan Swift addresses a problem that is extremely serious on a grand scale and uses a somber tone to present his solution however, in the parody An Innocent Proposal Benjamen Pewitt refers to a less significant concern, and his plan to fix it is meant to be hilarious.Swifts dwelling country, Ireland, is in a dire state of need, and they are becoming desperate. Peoples lives are at stake if significant obstacles are not soon overcome. Jane E. Aaron, the a uthor of the textbook 40 Model Essays, vanquish summarizes the situation by writing, Several years of crop failures had resulted in widespread starvation among the Irish poor, however the government of Englandand the well-to-do Irish had done nothing to help (356). This reveals the causes of this disaster. Swift illustrates the severity of the problem when he states, It is a melancholy object to . . see the streets, roads, and cabin doors, crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or cardinal children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms (357). This really paints a picture of how disgusting the streets of Ireland are becoming. Swift talks roughly how this is ruining the future of Ireland when he says these poor children of Ireland grow up, and they either turn thieves for deprivation of work, or leave their dear native country to fight for the Pretender in Spain, or snitch themselves to the Barbados (357).Therefore, if this tragedy in Ireland is not soon fixed, then the Irish society may collapse. In contrast, Pewitt writes about a minor problem occurring in mettlesome nurtures everywhere, which is the public pageant of affection. In a sincerely accurate assessment, Pewitt points out, It is definitely a disgusting sight to see a person pinned to the wall and has amaze a distraction to both the participant and the innocent passerby (45). It is indeed highly painful to watch this happen, but nowhere near as hurtful to see women and children stealing and begging for food in the streets of Ireland. Public display of affection is just one of many small disciplinary hurdles for high schools to overcome, on the other hand the obstacle in Ireland is the main concern for the future of the entire country. some other statement that demonstrates the take of difference between the two problems is when Pewitt opens his essay by insisting High school administrators, react now and save many minutes of valuable time and r educe your stress level tremendously (45). Pewitt is concerned with teachers free time and stress level, however Swift is attempt to save the entire country of Ireland from widespread starvation.Although public display of affection is not a very pleasant sight to see and is a growing concern in High Schools, it is not to the highest degree a disaster to the same magnitude as a collapsing society. The solution given by Swift in his essay is intended to be taken very seriously. Even though it is not realistic, he uses a very somber tone as he reveals it. His proposal is for his country to actually use the babies in rags that are burdens on their mothers to contribute to the contributeing, and partly to the clothing, of many thousands. This way the mothers will have less expenses to worry about, and they can actually make extra money by selling their babies for lots of time value if they are properly fed for nutritional purposes. Also the whole country would benefit because these babies would help feed many more people since crops are not producing enough. He presents this outrageous claim in much(prenominal) a serious manner in order to get peoples caution, and to show them how desperately they need an answer. He implies they might as well start killing babies if any type of causal agency is not put forth to help, otherwise people are going to keep dying besides if nothing else is done.His somber tone is crucial in his attempt to make the audience aware of the frenzy of this tragedy and convince them that action needs to take place soon. On the contrary, the plan asserted by Pewitt seems meaningless therefore is intended more for entertainment. There is no real threat the public display of affection really poses, and it is something that will continue to happen in future no matter what is done. In other words, Pewitt is mocking the work of Swift, and is simply trying to get a good laugh from his audience.His solution to the public display of affection is an easily accessible fornication grotto. He explains the grotto will accept soft beds and couches, and some very low Barry White music to set the mood(45) and even a professional advisor to help coach. This shows how sarcastic Pewitt really gets in the humorous tone he uses. In summary, Swift is genuinely trying to fix a problem which may produce severe consequences by suggesting a ridiculous solution to get peoples attention, and Pewitt parodies his work by sarcastically suggesting the most hilarious plan imaginable.Swift and Pewitt use two totally contrary approaches to answering two totally different problems, and they do this for two completely different reasons. Swift attempts to save the country of Ireland with the use of satire. He writes in a somber tone and offers his unrealistic plan of eating babies to get peoples attention and open their eyes to how dire the situation is becoming. This outrageous idea Swift has came up with serves as ridicule toward the Irish peo ple for not taking any action.He is telling them if they are not going to withdraw of something they might as well resort to his plan, because people are dying anyway. Pewitt, on the other hand, presents his fornication grotto as a sarcastically ridiculous answer for public display of affection as a parody to the work of Swift. Although, his concern is meaningless in contrast to Swifts, and this is why his tone is not to be taken seriously. Swifts satire was written for an extremely important cause, and all Pewitt wants in his parody is a good laugh.

Towards the Quality of Higher Education

TOWARDS THE QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION Brief freshen up of the timbre of Higher program line in Ancient India The dust of mettlesomeer(prenominal)(prenominal) educaton is started from the ancient times in India. During the ancient times, grooming was well linked with religon. It was dish come to the foren up by Teachers as a labour of love and by the scholarly persons as part of their training for culture and citizenshp. It was not universal grooming. In regard to higher(prenominal) instituton of learning Tols (Higher Education) was developed among the Hindus and Madrassah (Higher Education) was existed among the Muslim.Although the Hindu and Muslims had separate learning first appearance, many features were common to both the types of institution. Under the Buddhist rulers in India, instruction was fostered by the numerous monasteries under(a) the guidance of monks and nuns. The Brahmanical transcription of program line mainly centered at fundament of Individual Teacher was superseded by monasteries system of Buddhist study. For the first time in India, and perhaps in the whole world, a colossal famous Buddhist seat of higher learning like Taxila, Nalanda, Vikramshila and V whollyabhi Universities were flourished in India which cease be comp bed with modern Universties.These Universities were better well organised than the Brahmanical higher bringing up because they recieved state natural endowment for many centuries from the successive kings from the time of Buddha. The Universities introduced regular fall of studies in divergent subjects and entrance money test for all students. There was no discrimination in admission and Technical Education and Women Education were also introduced as it recieved encouragement from the ruler and the luxuriant people. Amongst these Universities of ancient India, Nalanda Universities was take its specialities. school-age childs from China, Nepal, Tibet, Korea etc came to study and obtain valuable knowledge. Entrance trial run was very strict and altogether 20 percent of the candidates succeeded in getting admission during this period. Brief review of Indian Education bearing in Modern India The system of higher education, which we find today in our country, started after the advent of the British in India. When the Brtish completed their authority in India, they did not willing to take responsibility of educating the Indian people. In order to trained some Indians for minor jobs in the companys office, they started schools and colleges.By the charter act of 1813, only(prenominal) one lakh of rupees for the improvement of the quality of education was left. The British rulers only established many political science and private colleges and the higher education was in a very disorganise at the time. Within a period of time, The British rulers realised that the necessity to organise and improved the quality of education and appointed woodwinds Despatched of 1854. As a resu lt of the tributes make out by Woods Despatched of 1854, the Universities of Culcutta, Bombay and Madras were established n 1857 on the model of London University.On the model of the formers, Allahabad University was also established in 1882. But all universities performed the functioned of only conducting examinations and affiliating bodies and undertook no direction and research. In order to enquired the amount of Indian education and prep atomic number 18d recommendations, the Government of India appointed various Indian Education thrills and selected eminent educationist as a members. Within a period of hunhred years, sixth Education Commissions were appointed.The recommendations of sixth Indian Education Commissions can be conveniently studied under the following- i) Indian Education Commission or Hunter Commisson, 1882By accepting the recommendation of Hunter Commission 1882, the college education recieved a great impetus and a shape of colleges were established during 1 901-1902. ii) Indian Universities Commission in 1902During the period of Lord Curzon, University Education made a great progress. In order to improve the quality of University Education in all branches, Lord curzon adopted the indemnity of control and improvement.He appointed Indian Universities Commission in 1902 in order to enquired the conditions and working of the Indian Universities and made necessary redeions. Two years later, Indian University Act 1904 was passed. This act brought many important change in the organisation, jurisdiction, powers and administration etc of the universties. The expansion of the university education was checked for sometime, due to lack of revolutionary change in the system of universities. But it was admitted later on which improved and reforms the conditions and standards of the contemporary universities and colleges. ii) Culcutta Univesity Commission or Sadler Commission, 1917After the establishment of Allahabad Universities 1882, no new unive rsitiy was established till 1917. However, a number of colleges were increased. In order to cope with the increased work, the Culcutta Univesity Commission or Sadler Commission was appointed by The British Government. Although, the accusation was mainly interfere in the problems of Culcutta University, it gave come out reforms and change which were great value into higher education in India as a whole. Now, the Universities were not only examining body, but became a centre of teaching and learning.By accepting recommendation of the Commission 1917, more than 16 universities were established in different places of India till 1947. iv) Indian University Education Commission or Radhakrishnan Commission, 1948The expansion of higher education has recieved a great impetus after Independence. Number of institution in the field of higher education and enrollement of students in the centers of higher studies were increased year by year. The university education was imparted through arts, s cience and commerce and skipper colleges, researched institution.The institutions deemed to be universities under the University Grants commission Act, 1956. In adition to Central universities, state universties and their affiliated colleges, Indira Gandhi assailable Universty and other Open Universities atomic number 18 doing commendable job in the field of higher education. In order to meet the personate and future requirements of the country, the Government of India appointed Indian Education Commission or Radhakrishnan Commission in 1948 to conjure up improvements and extentions of th Indian Universities. The terms of reference of the commission were very enormous and vast.It suggested that various aspects of the university Education in India and means for the improvement and reorganisation of the university education. Research and other standard of university educaton, problems of teachers, program, medium of instructon, religious education, problem of discipline, wellne ss and residence of the students an such allied problems in the perspective of the natonal and international conditions. In fact, The report of this Commissions is the most large report on education, but its recommendations is very important and far reaching consequences. ) Secondary Education Commission or Mudaliar Commission, 1952 vi) National Education Commission or Kothari Commission (1964-66) Since Independence, on that point has been a good sell of quantitative development of education but qualitative has lagged behind. Unimplementing of the policy of the directive principles of the constitution to make innocent(p) and copulsory education below 14 years, problem of literacy, low standard of primary and secondary edcation, diversification of curriculum and problem of educated unemployment were the the main problems since Independence.In order to evaluate the different stops of education and to evolved a National system of Education, the Government of India appointed the Ko thari Commission in July 14, 1964. The Commission submitted its report and recommendation in June, 1966. People convey high hopes when the Reports of the Education commission was first published in 1966. Already, several years confine passed, goose egg has practically been done to achieved the targets as recommended by the commission. The commission give any useful suggestion an the etymon of finance, on which the implementation of the recommendations full(a)ly depends.If it si of course a fact that it was not the bussiness of the commission to deal out with the financial side, but we cannot ignore reality. The suggestion made by the Kothari Commission in respect of different organs of education were very important. The Government consume already implemented some of the suuggestions and the effort are still being made to make important the rest of the suggestion. Taking all things into consideration, we may presuppose that the report of the education Commission is a sincere attempt to improve the existing system of education in all aspects and in all stages.If it can be implemented, it will remove some of the tangible defects of our educational system. Problems Higher Education It is clear from the above discussion that the expansion of higher education has recieved a great impetus since independence. The policy of the government still has been to increase the number of the institutions of higher education instead than the aim at the qualitative progress of higher education. Besides this, the government did not pay prim attention to the multi-lateral problems of higher education and not made special effort to remove the defects of higher education.Since recommendation made by the Kothari Commission, the government declared National Educational Policy of 1986. It is good that is being accustomed to the specializaton in higher education. The problems of the higher and University education in india is nothing but the problems of Indian society in gene ral. If we want to established a society based on the principles of democratic socialism, we must have reoriented the entire educational structure. Without a hgh standard of general, vocatonal and professional education, democracy cannot survived. But in that location is a still a lag mingled with our Ideal and reality.Our Universities have not been able to shake off the heavy consign of bookish knowledge. The main problems for the falling of the standard and quality of higher and universities education in India are under the following- 1. No definite aims among students of higher educationOne of the problem which checked the standard of higher education is its aimlessness. Most of the student are recieved higher education without having any definite aim. the student must have definite aim before starting hgher education. In order to raise the standard of higher education, the university should change the aims and objectives.Newmen remarks the aims of university education in 195 2, If a practical and must be assign to a university course, the i say it is training of good members of the society. 2. Increase of Wastage and StagnationThe problem of wastage and stagnaton exist in a great degree at the stage of higher and university education. Most of the important causes of wastage and stagnation are Ineffective methods of teaching, tumescent environment of institution and society, defective system of curriculum and examination and lack of finance among the students etc.In order to sour this problem, it suggest that to make healthy environment of institutions and society, revised and reforms of curriculum and examination system, raise the standard of teaching and given grants and loans to effort the study of students. 3. Lack of interesting subjects in CurriculumMost of the the curriculum of college are old and out of date and failed to fulfil the interest of the student which checked the mental developmentof the student. Radhakrishnan Commission remarks, A curriculum which had validity in the vedic period or the renaissance cannot continue unaltered in the 20th century. To solve this problem, the curriculum should revised and reforms for the interest of young advanced students. 4. Specialisation in EducationUniversity emphasized spacialization in different subjects. After completed University education, students acquired special knowledge and skills in some token subjects. Their outlook remains narrow and unbalanced to became completely educated in real sense. This narrow specializaton can be remove by establishing harmony betwixt general education and specialization which developed the personality of the students and will became dutiful citizens. Absence of proper Guidance and Councelling for studentThe absence of proper guidande and councelling, the students select their course according to their own choice or with thw advice of some inexperience persons. Consequently, most of the students make a equipment casualty choice in t heir subjects and lost interest in their study. In order to solve this problem, the educational institution should make purvey of experience and trained persons to provide proper guidandance and councelling of students from the beginning till the end. 6. Low standard of TeachingThe standard of teaching in our colleges and university is very low.Many suggestions has made to raise the standard of teaching in education. The more prominents are increase the salary of the teachers, balanced workload of teachers, improvement of service condition of teacher, provision of tutorial classes, well-organised libraries and laboratories, encouragement of debates and discussion, Professional training for Junior Lecturers and Re-orientation Course for new Lecturers. 7. Defective Examination trunkThe present examination system of our universities has many defects and severely criticized by ndian and foreign educatonist.The university education commission of 1949 points out that, If we are any sin gle reforms in universty, it should be that of examinaton. It can be reforms through scientific method. In order to reforms Examination system, it suggest that adoption of continous comprehensive internal evaluation, semester system and grading system. It also suggest to developed question banks, demarcation of syllabus, setting and moderations of question, Evaluation of answer script and conduct of examinations. 8. Indiscipline among the StudentThe problem of indiscipline among students is very serious and complicated in educatonal institution.Financial irregularity, minor and disorderly misconduct, theft and burglary, sex misconduct, misuse of privledge and cheating n examination were the main problems of institutions. Professor Siddhant remarks, the best way to solve is to distinguish the activities into healthy channels including sports, games, cooperative, living in hostels, self-management of masses, organise debates and symposia, councelling of indiscipline students etc. 9 . Too much kerfuffle of Student Societies in College AffairsThe student societies in educational institutions of higher education also make a serious problem.They were too much interfered in the affairs of the institutons which prove to be a scourge. In order to reduce this problem, the uiversity ntroduced legislaton for keeping control of student societies. In order to developed the intellectual powers of student and homely atmosphere of instituton, the student societies should also organised curriculum like leadership training, Life skills training, seminars, shop class etc. 10. Rapid increase of the number of StudentThe development of higher education in India is victorious place rapidly since Independence. The numbr of students in higher institution is constantly increasing.University Grants Commission remarks that, If increasing number admtted in our universites without corresponding expansion of facilities, there is a great risk of the academic standard being imparted furt her. In order to checked the ncreasng number of students in university, It has been suggested that the new and modern method of selective system of admission should be adopted. 11. Non-availability of Educatioal Facilities and Lack of Funds The main reason for the low standard of education in universities is non-availability of educational facilities and lack of funds.The student face shortage of books, libraries are not well-equiped. In many degree college, no proper building and classroom and do not possess even playgrounds. To solve this problem, a high level committee should be appointed for providing necessary funds to the institution. The Government of India, the State Government and non-governmental organisations and the rich people should provide necessary funds and donations to raise the standard of higher education. 12. Poor conditions of the salary TeachersThe teachers of colleges and universties are getting less salaries and allownces in order to meet their expense.Cons equently, they are not able to devote themvelves with nubble and soul into the teaching works. The Commission has made important provisions to increase the salaries and allownces of the teachers at different stage should be implemented by the Government. 13. Too much burden of the works and service of the Teachers The teachers also have been burdened with too much work. and not able to performed th teaching work properly. The prominence teacher of university were given research work.The Kothari Commission has remarked, There is much serous concern that in many places there is too much teaching but relatively too little of good teaching. The Education commission has made important provisions to improvement the works and service of the teachers should be implemented by the Government. 14. wide gulf between the Teachers and StudentsThe increasing number of students in higher education making a wide gulf between the students and the teachers. The teachers not able to recognise each s tudents of the class and no interaction between them.While in western countries the students and teachers work together like family and build good relationship between them, there is no relatinship between the students and teachers and separated their interest in India. In order to build relationship between the students and the teachers, it is necessary to adopt tutorial system. Beside this, the educational institution should also organise more interaction programme like debate and discussion, seminar, workshop etc which help the students to increase their knowledge with the help of the teachers.Almost all the above problems have attracted the attention of the University Education Commission, which has made many suggestions to solve these problems. Most of these suggestions have been accepted by the government and many of them have already been implemented. It may, therefore, be hope that after solving all our present problems, the higher education will make the complete developmen t of the personality of the youth and by developing their intellectual and physical powers will make them able citizens of the country.